| Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Contact Us. The sophisticated decoration of the body armour, with griffins on either side of a stem emerging from an Acanthus plant, echoes a motif that is widely present in the friezes found throughout the complex. This area, which lies under the so-called Exedra Arborea Garden, was covered by ground works in reinforced cement in the 1930’s but as a result of the damage suffered from over 70 years of use, a radical reorganisation and restoration project was required. o Called the Basilica Ulpia because that is Trajan's family name- The free standing and other art that would have been scattering the forum depict the power of the emperors, politicians and military leaders of ancient Romeo Throughout the forum, there were sculptures of captured Dacians There was an enormous ceremonial entrance way that led into the space of the forum. History The western portico, overlooking the Capitol, was home to two long, narrow “tabernae” (shops) 
The magnificent Temple of Venus Genetrix was built in Corinthian style at the bottom end of the Forum, on top of a raised podium that unusually, was accessed by stairs built at the sides rather than to the front. Trajan's Column was erected and then inaugurated in 113. Built by the Emperor Trajan, the markets were a commercial center of about 150 shops and offices, set into the side of the Quirinal Hill and completing Trajan's Forum, which it overlooked. Introduction to the Imperial Fora Items that have been loaned, as well as copies of pieces that no longer exist in Rome are also on display, some of which are only known about because whatever appeared in Rome was frequently, and quite quickly imitated by the Fora in the provincial capitals too. Now, with the completion of recent restorations, we too have crafted out a functions for it and so The Markets of Trajan have begun a new “season” of life. Trajan's Column, built by the architect Apollodorus of Damascus (60-129 (?) In fact, the museum project has also had to be a communication project – “the architecture of the Forum in the architecture of the Markets; the history of the city in the history of one of its districts”. The… Route through the rooms The Forum of Trajan was dedicated in January 112. It came to light during the 1928-1934 excavations of the exedra on the eastern portico and was almost certainly one of its decorative elements. In fact, given that there was not enough space to construct the real thing, pseudo-porticoes were built, featuring columns that were part of the wall behind them and that feature the protruding elements of an entablature. The Museum is located at the northern entrance of the archaeological area of the which is why a multi-medial introduction to the entire Fora precinct is located on the ground floor of the Great Hall along with other rooms, each home to a particularly significant piece that symbolizes the Forum to which it is dedicated. This decorative party, always visible and designed by numerous Renaissance artists, is made with specially shaped bricks (which are also found in string courses in other particularly well-kept parts of the complex). The monument was supposed to constitute a sort of “multifunctional center”, where public activities were carried out mainly of an administrative type. All this has triggered a process of loyalty from the public that we want to maintain and increase. Markets of Trajan Commentary. Future Projects Five key images have been re-constructed from the many pieces found. It has gone through architectural changes and the signs of the various “hands” from these different eras are all still visible. The architectural elements of the decorative details inside the cella in the Temple of Mars Ultor (aka Mars the Avenger) were visible for a long time and were sketched and painted by countless Renaissance artists and architects, some of whom also attempted to do a graphic recreation of how they must have looked in Ancient Times. The section of the Museum dedicated to the Forum of Trajan is found in the lower section of the Markets of Trajan. Two other statues were found in the same area; one of a figure wearing a toga and another that was sitting down. In a northerly direction, the via Biberatica folds, flanked upstream by the “Grande aula” complex: the large central space, overlooked by a series of rooms on two levels, constitutes the current entrance to the monument from via Quattro Novembre. There are numerous internal connections between the various levels (stairs, cordonate, etc. Using an architectural model of what was to be built was an integral part of the original design process. Persons entered through… Elaborate graphics The open spaces on the external or internal paths had a “modular” structure: covered with barrel vaults, they were equipped with a large door with threshold, architrave and travertine jambs, topped by a small square window that could give light to a mezzanine wooden interior. Trajan’s Markets Museo dei Fori Imperiali is part of the Municipal Museums system, the civic museums of Roma Capitale. Ancient sources mean that we have always known of the existence of the Templum Pacis, and its name underlines the differences in the design and layout of the complex in comparison to other Imperial fora and reinforces its sacred nature. Today Trajan’s Column is the most prominent structure in Trajan’s Forum. They represent an area that has experienced the evolution of the city from the imperial age to today; an area that has been constantly recycled and transformed. The Trajanic complex is more than ever located at a strategic point of the modern city at a cultural junction that on the one side connects The Capitoline Museum, Palazzo delle Esposizioni and The National Archaeological Museum, and on the other, connects the central archaeological area – Coliseum, Roman Forum, Palatine Hill and Imperial Forums. Originally from a labrum (a large receptacle used as a bath), they had been deliberately broken during the late Middle Ages so that they could be used in the building of a wall. The Procurator Fori Divi Traiani, cited in an inscription recently found, and probably responsible for the administration and management of the monumental complex, was to be located in the “Central Body” rooms. Exhibition Some structures, no longer housed in Rome or only known by copies subsequently made for provincial capital forums, are also documented. At the back of this the Trajan column was elevated between the two Libraries, and it was believed that the complex concluded with the Temple dedicated to Divo Trajan. The room in the museum that serves as an introduction to Trajan’s Forum is home to the headless statue of a man wearing body armour – in other words, a man in military attire complete with body armour, (called lorica) – made out of a particularly precious white marble from the Greek island of Thassos. The model is as much as possible detailed. These must have been created as variations of the scene, and in some cases, their size was slightly altered in order to better suit their location. The Museum has reproduced the Forum’s northern archaeological access; consequently you are expected to commence tours of the forum area from the ground floor of the Great Hall, in which there is an appropriately positioned multimedia display. Different “routes” intertwine. Construction details The bath, which was 3.5m in diameter, had an overhanging lip decorated with a stylized Ionic kyma and a concave, hull-shaped profile and a flat umbilicated bottom. They too were headless and all three were made of the same type of marble. Dedicated to the forums’ architectural decoration, the museum addresses their structural aspects to once again give us a ‘final’ view of the original buildings. Trajan ’s column, erected in 113 CE, stands in Trajan's Forum in Rome and is a commemorative monument decorated with reliefs illustrating Roman emperor Trajan’s two military campaigns in Dacia (modern Romania). Apollodorus of Damascus was the architect (Dio History, 69.4.1). The Forum of Trajan. It takes up the semicircular shape of the exedra of the Trajan’s forum and is articulated on six levels. Inaugurated in the 2 BC, the Forum of Augustus consists of a rectangular square paved with white marble slabs, dominated, at its lower end, by the temple dedicated to Mars Ultor, also built in white marble from the quarry in Luni today known as Carrara. The commercial function, in the past attributed to the complex, had been correlated with Trajan’s concerns about the precarious annonary situation of the city: the so-called Trajan’s Markets had been interpreted as the end point of a gigantic supply system in the capital, which was also insured with the construction of the port of Traiano in Fiumicino. The sculptural-architectural decoration of the Fora provide the main focus of the Museum, but it also sets out to explore the way in which they were built and to provide an image of how the buildings looked when completed. The excavations carried out at different times during the 20th century, and to mark the most recent Jubilee however, provided new informations that have proved some of their ideas were completely wrong. The presence of numerous environments in the form of a tabernae, in particular along the external paths, is not necessarily an indication of a commercial function of the complex: even the paved streets that make up the external paths are in fact accessible mainly through stairs that overcome the differences in height, and therefore they were not passable by the wagons necessary for the transportation of the goods. Several rows of trees, and perhaps rows of statues, ran parallel to the porticoes. The recompositions of some scores of the ancient buildings are presented, made with original fragments, casts and modular integrations in stone, according to the museological choice of reversibility, which have the aim of restoring the perception of their original three-dimensionality to the visitor and of appreciating the richness of figurative programs, tools of imperial propaganda. To achieve these objectives, respecting the scientific rigidity of the reconstructions, the museum have used the best technology available today: from graphics to multimedia. Another female figure, identified as “Province” was also originally located in the attic above the portico, but has now been reconstructed and is display in one of the rooms in the Museum along with other decorative architectural pieces too. We have involved the visitor in a fascinating and intriguing journey through the intricate architecture of the structures internal spaces and the scenic “views” of the city outside. It was this detailed gathering of data which made it possible to identify the most significant pieces for the reconstruction of ancient buildings and their decorative details. A truly exceptional discovery is displayed in the first room of the Museum of the Imperial Fora which serves as an introduction to the entire Fora complex. All Rights Reserved. The realization of the museum layout, precisely for its technical characteristics, could not be separated from the production of numerous graphic reconstructions, made on the basis of the results obtained from the most recent studies, and differentiated according to the content to be communicated. Trajan’s Markets Museum of the Imperial Forums, Rome, Italy. Photograph of the Forum of Trajan taken from the Victor Emmanuel II Monument in Rome, Italy. Multimedia Room Constructed on three different levels into the terraced hillside behind, access to the various parts was provided via connecting staircases. On the sides of this southern stretch of the street there is on one side a block with poorly preserved rooms and partially remodeled in later periods; on the opposite side overlooks the upper floor of a further block that divides it from another ancient path, coming directly from the plane of the forum and which is connected by stairs with the via della Salita del Grillo. For this purpose, a “mixed technique” was used, an assembly system that makes use of all the communicative potential of the image: from direct shooting, to vintage photos, to archaeological reconstructions made in watercolor and also to 3D and more advanced technologies for image processing. Column of Trajan. The parts of the Temple of Mars Ultor and the high perimeter wall it backs onto that are still visible, have provided academics and architects with the opportunity, over the years, to hypothesize on its original plan and how the entire complex must have looked. The attic above the columns is embellished with decorative Caryatids, whose elegant hairstyles support a headband carved from the same block, above which is a Doric capital with echinus, embellished with a typical Ionic kyma. This articulation allows you to pass, with a wide breath, from the curvilinear arrangement of the exedra behind the porticoes of the Trajan’s Forum, to the rectilinear arrangement of the surrounding urban fabric. The floors widely use, especially in the uncovered parts, the opus spicatum (cutting bricks arranged in a herringbone pattern), to which a second black monochrome mosaic floor layer of small flint tiles was often superimposed: the overlapping of two layers contributed to ensure the waterproofing of the rooms below. Section on the Forum of Nerva Some Domitianic structures at the south end of Trajan's Forum (i.e., the Terrazza Domizianea and the lower part of the retaining wall of the Basilica Argentaria, fig. Half showed a frontal view whilst the other half was a section revealing what could be seen inside, which means both the exterior and interior orders could be seen along with the decorative elements – of which the capital and column base have been documented – inside the cella. Column of Trajan (as seen through the ruins of the Basilica Ulpia in the Forum of Trajan), Carrara marble, completed 113 C.E., Rome, dedicated to Emperor Trajan (Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus b. - [Beth] It was incredibly extravagant. Trajan's Column was designed by Apollodorus of Damascus and built 113 A.D. Very little remains of the original forum complex built in Caesar’s time, but a few pieces from the orders along the portico and the pilasters that screened a niche at the head of it, are displayed inside the museum. The exhibition itinerary begins in the “Great Hall” with the introduction to the area of the Imperial Forums, each of which is represented by a particularly significant piece. Caesar’s Forum was a rectangle paved in travertine slabs, flanked by porticoes with two naves. The markets once the strategic administrative centre of the Imperial Forums, successively became a noble residence, a military fortress, a prestigious convent and a barracks… a continuous evolution. The construction began between 105 and 107; according to the Fasti Ostienses the Forum was inaugurated in 112. To the south the via Biberatica is connected to the current via della Salita del Grillo, which traces an ancient route. MLA Format. The raised porticoes on the other three sides were characterized by their pink granite columns with Corinthian capitals in white marble, and the one at the rear opened up into an exedra-like room dedicated to peace with other rooms on either side. In planning the exhibition route, the aim was to provide, whenever the constraints of the extraordinary architecture of Trajan’s Markets would allow, some sort of continuity to the architectural motifs by carefully studying how to integrate original pieces with modern moulds in any reconstructions that would be displayed. This also allows completing the recompositions with any new fragments that may emerge following the progress of excavations and archaeological studies, with the aim of reconstituting the visual unity of the materials. The Buliding Thought to be the world’s oldest shopping mall, the arcades in Trajan’s Market are now believed by many to be administrative offices for Emperor Trajan. Back in the 16th century, there was probably more of the architecture and various components of the Forum of Augustus to see than there is today. The Markets of Trajan are an archaeological complex of uniqueness in Rome, perhaps even worldwide. Trajan’s Column, monument that was erected in 106–113 ce by the Roman emperor Trajan and survives intact in the ruins of Trajan’s Forum in Rome. The Markets of Trajan are an archaeological complex of uniqueness in Rome, perhaps even worldwide. The Forum of Trajan, also known as Forum Ulpium, is the largest and most monumental of the Imperial Forums of Rome, and the last in chronological order.. SHORT HISTORY. The integrated communication system The use of such elements was agreed upon in the planning phase. It has been our goal to highlight both the decorative and symbolic apparatus at work (the figurative ‘programme’ and its propaganda meaning to the public of that era) as well as the location of works within the constructional scheme. "From Forum Of Trajan ; From Villa Medici." The brick finish is notably cured also in a decorative sense: in particular on the facade of the “Great Hemicycle” an order of pilasters frames the windows of the second floor, surmounted by alternately triangular pediments, or arched and flanked by two half triangular gables (“broken gable “). The exhibit is in a space that is in direct contact with the remains of the building to which it once belonged – the two lateral frontal halls of the Great Hemicycle. Two stairs at the ends of the Great Hemicycle allow you to reach the upper floors and the via Biberatica. The museum will be completed with the section on. Section on the Forum of Augustus Traces of it are found in Hellenistic architecture (Palazzo delle Colonne di Tolemaide in Cirenaica) and in some second style paintings. The courts which previously had been housed in the Roman Forum had been moved to the Forum of Caesar and then chiefly to the Forum of Augustus. The column depicts scenes and stories of Trajan conquering the barbarians. Exhibits are completed with ‘colour’ which is not only applied on the plaster mouldings but also on modern marble surfaces through the use of dyes. The distribution of the rooms, their connections and the articulation of the internal paths had to depend on the different functions of the rooms, such as offices or archives, in close connection with the forensic complex. The approach to the original materials has generally excluded the use of the insertion of pins for their assembly, which occurred rather with the combination of modern stone additions and / or casts of other originals, which, for various reasons, they could not be used. The square was flanked on both sides by long deep porticoes in which the column shafts were made of ancient yellow marble. Design The Pantheon. 53 , d. 117 C.E.) Some 52 pieces in the very hard red Porphyry marble were found during excavations. Displays have the objective of giving continuity to the architectural reasoning of the original works through the reassembly of original fragments and the study of additional artificial elements to thus evoke the real spatial relationships they embodied within the extraordinary architecture of the Markets of Trajan. Markets of Trajan. Inaugurated in autumn 2007, it aims to illustrate the ancient architecture of the Imperial Forums and their architectural and sculptural decoration. Section of the Temple of Peace Its great height makes following the frieze up the column difficult from the ground, and one wonders how Trajan expected passerby to read the story of his great deeds. Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus. With the dedication of the Forum of Trajan in 112, the number of inscriptions found in the Forum of Augustus decline, which suggests that many of its functions were transferred to the new venue, although Hadrian made some repairs. The multimedia room in the Museum of the Imperial Fora provides the public with the opportunity to follow the historical vicissitudes of the monumental Trajan’s Markets complex, as well as the recovery work carried out during excavations between 1926-1934 and the works only recently completed to restore and valorize pieces found in the Fora. The marble column is of the Roman Doric order, and it measures 125 feet (38 metres) high together with the pedestal, or base, which contains a chamber that served as Trajan’s tomb. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The reconstruction of Trajan’s Forum is mostly based on nineteenth century excavation data, and therefore on what the monument looked like according to the model of Rome reconstructed by Gismondi, plus the corrections introduced by recent excavation on the occasion of … A section dedicated to the architectural decoration of porticos (covered walkways), exedras (semi-circular recesses) and the Room of the Colossus in the Forum of Augustus. Trajan’s Markets Museum help the visitor to take in the complexity of ancient sites, their systems and their “technology” hence it was also fundamental to a reconstruct real environment to describe the activities that took place in the forums. As far as the Trajan period of Caesar’s Forum is concerned, the Museum has a few pieces of the decorative elements used for the Temple of Venus Genetrix. “Memories of the Ancient Past” Section The Forum of Trajan is an ancient monument in Rome. An orthogonal view done by architect Baldassarre Peruzzi (1481-1537) was one of the most impressive of these. Other factors were the height of the rooms, as it was important to recreate a sense of how the different spaces in the complex related to each other, and a desire to draw attention to both the decorative elements and the symbolism or “figurative plan” that had been adopted as a tool to communicate with the ordinary people of the time, and to see how these elements impinged on the construction method. The dates of the brick stamps seem to indicate that the construction dates back mostly to the reign of Trajan and is perhaps attributable to its architect, Apollodorus of Damascus, although it is possible that the project had already been conceived under Domitian, to whose era it could be attributed at least the start of the excavation works. Forum of Trajan (model), shows the Basilica Ulpia, 2 libraries (one Greek and the other Latin), the Column of Trajan, and the Temple of the Divine Trajan … Highlights include delicate marble floors and the remains of a library. The fundamental principle of the museographic intervention is that of the full reversibility of the installation. The ground level shallow alcoves opened onto a street and were used for small shops whilst there were more shops in the arcades above. Answering the public and therefore giving constant “visibility” over time perhaps more than anything else is what impresses upon the receptive person. Built by the emperor Trajan with the spoils of war from the conquest of Dacia, and inaugurated in 112, the forum was arranged parallel to the Forum of Caesar and perpendicular to that of Augustus. Trajan’s Markets Museum do not just “exhibit” the individual fragments of a splendid decorative past, but to replicate real life in real spaces. Functions Over the last 20 years, works carried out in the deposits of the forums and markets have focussed on the treatment and restoration of these fragments. It has gone through architectural changes and the signs of the various “hands” from these different eras are all still visible. The Forum of Trajan has a more complicated foundation than the other Imperial Forums. It features a female figure with helmet and shield, traditionally attributed to Minerva, the Goddess to whom Domitian dedicated the entire iconography of the Forum. The rooms in the upper part of the Trajan’s Markets, which house the museum, underwent important structural and conservative restorations in the years 2005 – 2007. On the top floor two sections are devoted respectively to the Forum of Caesar (areas toward the Via Biberatica) and to the ‘Memory of the Ancient’. 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